S. Berliner, III's sbiii.com HTML Page keywords = computer internet net world wide web HTML tips comments queries

Updated: 21 Jan 2012, 13:45 ET [Page converted 12 Nov 2011 original AT&T Worldnet Website begun 30 May 1996.]	URL: http://sbiii.com/html.html [was at "home.att.net/~Berliner-Ultrasonics/html.html"]

S. Berliner, III
Consultant in Ultrasonic Processing
"changing materials with high-intensity sound"

[consultation is on a fee basis]

Technical and Historical Writer, Oral Historian
Popularizer of Science and Technology
Rail, Auto, Air, Ordnance, and Model Enthusiast
Light-weight Linguist, Lay Minister, and Putative Philosopher

- The vast bulk of my massive Web presence (over 485 pages) had been hosted by AT&T's WorldNet service since 30 May 1996; they dropped WorldNet effective 31 Mar 2010 and I have been scrambling to transfer everything. Everything's saved but all the links have to be changed, mostly by hand. See my sbiii.com Transfer Page for any updates on this tedious process.

S. Berliner, III's

sbiii.com

HTML Page

HTML

[Extracted from computer.html and expanded on 22 Nov 2005.]

"Y2K is gone and past;
now, who's the biggest fool at last?"
My 486 (which failed the tests) and my Pentium both rolled over OK!

"Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense." - Gertrude Stein

"Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their ability to retrieve it readily." - S. Berliner, III
(which is why we SEEM as if we were losing our short-term memory,
getting Alsheimer's, or getting senile!)

INDEX

CREDITS (where to find HTML and stuff)

COMPUTERS (general)

INTERNET

WORLD WIDE WEB

HTML

Special and ISO 8859 CHARACTERS

ISO 8859-2 MAGYAR (Hungarian) CHARACTERS

Double-Acute Accented Characters

Line Length

COLOR

ECBS and BOOK

CREDITS:

It was suggested to me that I link you to the pages which were so helpful to me in learning the modicum of HTML I have absorbed. OK, they are:

Dr. Mark Bej's Quick Guide to HTML,

HTML 2.0 Example from Christian Sandvig at UC-Davis,

Maran Wilson's HTML Quick Reference,

Personal Web Pages @att.net: HTML Text Editor, which may be unique to AT&T WorldNet users,

Crash Course in HTML,

How do they do that with HTML?,

Help with HTML, and

Sizzling HTML Jalfrezi - an HTML guide for all tags including frames, forms, image maps, style sheets, tables and much more... .

Of these the first is the most helpful at the most basic level, while the second and third are now my mainstay (none of which explains why some of my local links still aren't working!); and then there is
Douglas R. Jacobson's fantastic RGB Hex Triplet Color Chart, which you just have to see to believe!

plus another:
HYPE's Color Specifier for Netscape ver. 3.

I found a whole slew of useful HTML links on InfoSeek.

I also want to thank Barry W. Pase of Barry's Clip Art Server for many of my small images.

HTML Details - I am sure glad that "<b> - - - </b>" is now acceptable in lieu of "<strong> - - - </strong>" for BOLD; it will save a lot of space; now, all we need is a shorter way than " " to create a mandatory character space, such as at the beginning of a line or to give a double space:

(" ").

HTML

To jump to TOP of page:

Return to <A HREF=domain/page.extension#TOP>Top of Page</A> or just
Return to <A HREF=page.extension#TOP>Top of Page</A>

(depending on your <BASE HREF=http://domain> statement, it can be critical to include the current page's full or abbreviated URL here.) expanded

(12 Nov 2011)

Locations:

at top:

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>Mugwumps Page</TITLE>

</HEAD>

at end:

Return to <A HREF=#TOP>Top of Page</A>

<P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

new.gif

new01.gif

new2.gif

newright.gif

news-rt news-rt.gif (won't blink)

note-rt note-rt.gif (won't blink)

revised.gif
OR
rev.gif

ALERT! (won't blink)

SIZE TEST

This is width=12.5%.

This is width=10%.

This is width=7.5%.

This is width=6%.

This is width=5%.

This is width=4%.

This is width=3%.

This is width=2%.

This is width=1%.

KEYWORDS

To hide keywords and allow spidering of both META name keywords and plain keywords:

Put the same keywords in both META and straight HTML lines

and be sure the keywords are in the same color as the background:

<META name=description content="{PAGE TITLE}">
<META name=keywords content="{LIST KEYWORDS}">
<FONT COLOR={RGB VALUE such as CCFFFF} SIZE=1 {or whatever}>
keywords = {LIST SAME KEYWORDS}
<BR> {THIS IS IMPORTANT! It allows minimal blank space at the top of centered frontis matter}
</FONT><FONT SIZE=3 {or whatever}>
<TITLE> {TITLE} </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY><BODY BGCOLOR=#CCFFFF {or whatever} >< BODY TEXT=#CC0000 {or whatever}>

Double Line - <HR> <HR>:

Character Spacing:
" " gives a required (mandatory) space (or leading space) that will not be ignored.
"& nbsp{sp} ;" gives a required double space (or leading double space) that will not be ignored.

"<DD>" gives a leading tab (only).
Normal.

Similarly <DL> gives indented paragraphs
after the first line) following
until stopped with </DL>.

Multiple indented paragraphs

can be staggered
by adding multiple <DL>s,

but require the addition of
additional </DL>s.

To indent whole paragraphs:

yields:

Blah blah - - -
(more than one line}
- - - blah blah!

and

<DL><DD>
First Line
Second Line
Third Line
</DD></DL>

yields:

First Line
Second Line
Third Line

(sequence of <DL><DD> and </DD></DL> is important!).

To get a double indent, use <BLOCKQUOTE> (can NOT be centered):

"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. - - - We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor."

See?

Line Spacing:
"<BR>" gives single line spacing.
"<P>" gives double line spacing.

"<BR><BR>" also gives double line spacing.

Normal Line Spacing.
QUESTION - How can I get space-and-a-half?

This was partially answered below so I moved it up here (this all needs editing):

LINE SPACING

<P> gives a double line space and <BR> gives a single line space; I'm unaware of any in-between spacing. More than one <P>, however, does nothing; here are four (4) <P>s in a row:

Nothing more than the first <P> is operative. Now, let's try repetitive <BR>s; here are eight (8) <BR>s in a row:

That should have given us four line spaces. Well, whaddya know? It did!

So, line-and-a half spacing should be three (3) <BR>s in a row

Pretty neat, huh (if arithmetically unacceptable)? Now, all I need is to learn how to get half a line space or less.

"text 1" plus "text 2" side by side in columnar format <MULTICOL=2>:

text1 text2
</MULTICOL>

Underlining with <u> and </u> works!

PLEASE NOTE:

Blinking (flashing <BLINK>) WORKS!

</BLINK> - STOP THE BLINKIN' BLINKING!

Test of Font Size=1 (and BOLD) vs. Type Size 3.
Test of Font Size=2 (and BOLD) vs. Type Size 3.
Test of <small> Font Size=3 (and BOLD) </small> vs. Type Size 3.
Test of Font Size=3 (and BOLD), which is standard.
Test of <big> Font Size=3 (and BOLD) </big> vs. Type Size 3.
Test of Font Size=4 (and BOLD) vs. Type Size 3.
Test of Font Size=5 (and BOLD) vs. Type Size 3.
Test of Font Size=6 (and BOLD) vs. Type Size 3.
Test of Font Size=7 (& BOLD) vs. Type Size 3.

<H1>HEADLINE 1</H1>

<H2>HEADLINE 2</H2>

<H3>HEADLINE 3</H3>

<H4>HEADLINE 4</H4>

<H5>HEADLINE 5</H5>

<H6>HEADLINE 6</H6>

Note: HEADLINE BOLD doesn't work! Use underline.

<strong> vs. <b>:

STRONG - Stronger emphasis on the enclosed text (bold), vs. BOLD - Boldfaces the enclosed text.

<em> - The enclosed text is emphasised (italics) </em>, vs.
<I> - The enclosed text is italics </I>.

<TT> - The enclosed text is typewriter font </TT>.

TEST OF <IMG SRC> ADDRESS:

< img src = {URL} {file.gif or jpg alt = " {image name*} " align = center width = 20% >

http://home.att.net/~meiii/pix/contflag.gif {OK} -
Continental Flag

home.att.net/~meiii/pix/contflag.gif {NG} -
Continental Flag

~meiii/pix/contflag.gif {NG} -
Continental Flag

The "align" comment is NOT necessary for images in, or aligned with, text.

* - Further, quotation marks (") are NOT required in arguments except when spaces occur; i.e.: alt=Flag works but alt=U. S. Flag does NOT (only the word U. will show as the alternate caption. However, alt="U. S. Flag" works, all three words show.

How does one get rid of an unwanted background rectangle on a graphic (or add the desired one)?

Here is "US-FLAG.GIF" on grey and here is "us_flag.gif" on white us_flag.gif on white .

{see also below}

Destination for Internal Link.

SITE LINKS

For links on same site but on different pages, use:
<A HREF = aviation.html#FM1>:
FM-1 Airacuda <A NAME=FM1>

INTERNAL LINKS

<A HREF = #name>{argument}</A>:
Jump to <A NAME="name">
[in some cases, this doesn't work internally and the line must read:
<A HREF = xxxxxxxx.html#name>:
Jump to <A NAME=blank.html#name>]

A Web friend reminded me that an internal link must have an opening statement <A HREF = #name>, an argument, AND a closing statement </A>.

Again, quotation marks (") are NOT required in arguments.

SPECIAL and ISO 8859 CHARACTERS

Special Characters

- a sampling - completely revised:

" = "
& = &
< = <
> = >
™ = ™ which didn't work when I started this page but does now!
(12 Nov 2011)

[I used to use <sup><small>TM</small><sup> to yield ^TM]
=   (Non-Breaking Space)
¡ = ¡ (inverted exclamation mark)
¢ = ¢
£ = £ (Pound Sterling)
¤ = ¤
¥ = ¥
¦ = ¦
§ = §
© = ©
ª = ª (feminine ordinal)
« = «
=  (soft hyphen)
® = ®
¯ = ¯
° = °
± = ±
² = ²
³ = ³
µ = µ
¶ = ¶
· = ·
¹ = ¹
º = º (masculine ordinal)
» = »
¼ = ¼
½ = ½
¾ = ¾
Actually, you can create ANY fraction down to eighths with &fracxx;, i.e.:

⅛ = &frac18;, ¼ = ¼, ⅜ = &frac38;, ½ = ½, ⅝ = &frac58;, ¾ = ¾, ⅞ = &frac78;

(12 Nov 2011)
[I use <small><sup<"x">/<sub>"y"<sup></small> to yield ^x/_y, as in ¹³/₆₄]
[BETTER: <small><sup<"x">/<small>"y"<sup>&small;/small> to yield ^x/y, as in ¹³/64 - holds line spacing.]

(12 Nov 2011)
¿ = ¿
× = ×
ß = ß (German double SS, do NOT use for Beta - see below.)

(12 Nov 2011)
ç = ç ("c" avec c�dille)
÷ = ÷
etc. (see also Sizzling Jalfredi for a full set, ISO 8859 Characters, below, or Dr. Mark Bej's HTML Guide) {new URLs}.

How DOES one write Pi Rho ( ) in Greek in HTML?
The ISO 8859-7 D0 and D1 (U.C.) or F0 and F1 (l.c.) don't work, at least not yet.

Try this: &+#+928+; = Π = Greek CAPITAL letter PI, Ρ = Greek CAPITAL letter RHO, π = Greek small letter pi, ρ Greek small letter rho; it works.

Thus, one writes "pi rho" as &+#+960+;+&+#+961+;: "πρ" TA, RA!

(12 Nov 2011) and

(21 Jan 2012)

ISO 8859-2 MAGYAR (Hungarian) CHARACTERS

Double-Acute Accented Characters

How are we supposed to render the Magyar double-acute accent mark, ´´, ISO 8859-1, "& dblac ;" - which, in itself, doesn't work!, above a vowel, or the ogonek below or the hachek above Romanian letters? I had explored ISO 8859-2, Latin-2, but didn't know how to implement it (or that anyone out there can read it).

Actually, it couldn't be easier! Using one of the excellent guides to ISO 8859-2, Latin 2, such as Roman Czyborra's or Kosta Kostis's, we quickly come up with:

D5/213 -- "Õ" -- Õ -- LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE

F5/245 -- "õ" -- õ -- LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE

BUT -

DB/219 -- "Û" -- Û -- LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE and

FB/251 -- "û" -- û -- LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE - uh,oh!

Well, the upper case Õ and lower case õ are the more critical ones. There is a lot more to this than I care to go into here.

Here's the straight skinny from ISO 10646:

&+#+336+; = Ő = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE

&+#+337+; = ő = LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE

&+#+368+; = Ű = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE

&+#+369+; = ű = LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE

(12 Nov 2011) and

(21 Jan 2012)

I will examine the Romanian Characters next (25 Oct 1999).

Some of the basic Greek characters used in science and technology, such as Pi and Theta, would also help.

And, again from ISO 10646, here they are: (12 Nov 2011)

&+#+928+; = Π = Greek CAPITAL letter PI

&+#+960+; = π = Greek small letter pi

&+#+920+; = Θ = Greek CAPITAL letter THETA

&+#+952+; = θ = Greek small letter theta

What would help a lot would be a workable overstrike code; it exists but I haven't found how to use it yet This stuff is not designed with mere mortals in mind!

LINE LENGTH

This was a test; you were to have scrolled away to see how many character spaces there are on a single line on my AT&T WorldNet HTML editor, 1,024, but I can't afford so many spaces on this page.

The number of characters on my Web screen is tested on my Line Length page and maxed out at 24,786 characters long (plus the HTML text on that page) and may well go on to infinity!

COLOR

Use <FONT COLOR=xxxxxx>, <BODY BGCOLOR=xxxxxx>, and <BODY TEXT=xxxxxx>; where "xxxxxx" is the RGB code as shown on the RGB Hex Triplet Color Chart or HYPE's Color Specifier for Netscape v.3.

Some simple samples suive:

<FONT COLOR=FF0000> -> RED

<FONT COLOR=0000FF> -> BLUE

<FONT COLOR=008B00> -> GREEN

<FONT COLOR=EEEE00> or <FONT COLOR=FFFF00> -> YELLOW (EEEE00 or FFFF00)

<FONT COLOR=000000> -> BLACK

<FONT COLOR=FFFFFF> -> WHITE (000000)

Alternatively, you can use the color's name, as in: (12 Nov 2011)

<FONT COLOR=red> -> RED

<FONT COLOR=blue> -> BLUE

<FONT COLOR=green> -> GREEN

<FONT COLOR=yellow> -> YELLOW

<FONT COLOR=000000> -> BLACK

<FONT COLOR=white> -> WHITE (000000)

How does one get a transparent background?
That appears to be a function of the image processor, not the Net (pass the buck!).

U. S. flag (multilingual) or Continental/Grand Union Flag of 1775 (English-speaking)

Continental Flag or a U. S. flag for the 21st Century, my variation on the Continental/Grand Union Flag (English-speaking)?

English First Flag

LEGACY

What happens to all this when I DIE or (heaven forfend!) lose interest? See LEGACY.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

See Copyright Notice on primary home page.

THUMBS UP!

THUMBS UP! - Support your local police, fire, and emergency personnel!

Contact S. Berliner, III

(Junk and unsigned e-mail and blind telephone messages will NOT be answered)

Return to Top of Page

Technical and Historical Writer, Oral Historian Popularizer of Science and Technology Rail, Auto, Air, Ordnance, and Model Enthusiast Light-weight Linguist, Lay Minister, and Putative Philosopher

S. Berliner, III's

HTML Page

HTML

INDEX

INTERNET

WORLD WIDE WEB

HTML

LINKS

Special and ISO 8859 CHARACTERS

Line Length

COLOR

ECBS and BOOK

CREDITS:

HTML

To jump to TOP of page:

SIZE TEST

KEYWORDS

Double Line - <HR> <HR>:

LINE SPACING

<H1>HEADLINE 1</H1>

<H2>HEADLINE 2</H2>

<H3>HEADLINE 3</H3>

<H4>HEADLINE 4</H4>

<H5>HEADLINE 5</H5>

<H6>HEADLINE 6</H6>

Note: HEADLINE BOLD doesn't work! Use underline.

<strong> vs. <b>:

TEST OF <IMG SRC> ADDRESS:

LINKS

SITE LINKS

INTERNAL LINKS

SPECIAL and ISO 8859 CHARACTERS

Special Characters

ISO 8859-2 MAGYAR (Hungarian) CHARACTERS

Double-Acute Accented Characters

LINE LENGTH

COLOR

LEGACY

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

THUMBS UP!

Technical and Historical Writer, Oral Historian
Popularizer of Science and Technology
Rail, Auto, Air, Ordnance, and Model Enthusiast
Light-weight Linguist, Lay Minister, and Putative Philosopher